KLIA Yokogawa Centum CS List of I/O Card

1) ADM51C for digital input signals
2) ADM52C for digital output signals
3) ACM12 for serial communication with other sub-systems
4) AAM11 is for analog input signals
5) AAM51 is for analog output signals
6) AAM21 is for RTD signals
7) APM11 is for pulse signal, typically coming from devices like flow meter

Mini Audit on LPP PI Enterprise Server

I visited LPP the week b4 raya and conducted some "mini audit" on their PI Enterprise System... conclusion... not so good.... below are my findings / comments..

1. Windows 2003 Server 32 Bit Standard Edition OS is used. Due to this version, the OS can only detect up to 3.5 GB of memory. This is a known limitation. I didnt check physically how much RAM is installed. If more than 4GB of RAM is installed, then the remaining RAM which is not "detected" is a waste.

See Microsoft notes below for reference,

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa366778(v=vs.85).aspx#physical_memory_limits_windows_server_2003

I propose the OS to be upgraded to Enterprise Edition to overcome this issue. Also the trend nowadays is to use 64 Bit OS. See below for benefits of 64 Bit computing.

http://www.microsoft.com/middleeast/windowsserversystem/64bit/benefits.aspx

2. By doing "ipconfing" command, i notice that the server has 2 different NICs bcoz it is connected to 2 different networks ie. Office Network (192.168.1.X) and Data Source Network (192.168.0.X).

The Data Source Network is simply a network consisting Samsoft AP580 ABB P14 card and the PI Interface PC.

3. By performing a "traceroute" command, i notice that the PI server is behind a router which has IP address of 192.168.1.99. A quick check with Nik IT - this is a old Cisco router with NO firewall capabilities. Some risk here as the server is exposed. I didnt perform port query check to verify opened port on the server due to time and tools constraint.

Natural gas volume compressibility correction methods

When it comes to volume correction of natural gas, it refers to Pressure, Temperature and Compressibility aka "PTZ" correction.

P and T correction is rather straight forward as it is basically a ratio between Actual Value over Base Value.

Z correction is however a bit more complex. I wont go deep into this, but suffice at this moment to share that multiple methods / calculations are used in the industry as below: